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COVID-19

Long COVID

s41579-022-00846-2Download

Mental Health

Testing

Impact on Education

Overview

Facts:

Analysis:

Questions:

  • Why has FEMA and CDC failed to effectively respond to the pandemic?
  • Should the Federal Government play a bigger role in the pandemic response and, if yes, what should the Federal Government do now?
  • How important is the role of elected officials in the pandemic response?
  • What role should public heatlh officials at the Federal, state and local levels play in guiding the response to the pandemic? What should be the role for emergency managers?
  • Moving forward, how do think the US can be successful in containing the pandemic as countries in the European Union and in Asia have been?

Exercises:

  • Compare the role of the Federal Government in the pandemic response to the Federal Government’s role in responding to past major natural disasters.
  • Using graphical examples, show how improved testing capabilities can serve to increase or decrease the observed case fatality rate of a disease like COVID-19. Explain how epidemiologists can better help members of the public to understand their own risk on a personal level using population-wide data.

Vaccines

Policies

Risk Assessment

Facts:

COVID-10 and Death Among 0-19 year-oldsDownload

Analysis

  • Research efforts continue to reveal new information about the virus almost daily.
    • This is still considerable uncertainty about how easily it is transmitted from person to person in certain settings, which has presented a challenge to planning for the easing of societal restrictions. Environmental health scientists have continued to study the behavior of aerosols, as described in this article from El Pais (10/28/2020).
  • Most Americans trust the scientists and public health officials to guide the U.S. response to the pandemic.
  • There is little evidence that FEMA and HHS/CDC are working in tandem to identify how best to reduce the impacts of the virus while speeding the Nation’s economic recovery.

Questions

  • Will the COVID-19 become a chronic condition that will impact the US in the years to come beyond the current pandemic?
  • Who should be in charge of the research and the implementation of mitigation measures – public health officials or emergency managers?
  • What significant changes do you think will occur in the months and years to come in the way Americans interact during the current COVID-19 pandemic and furure pandemics?

Exercises

COVID-19 MITIGATION

Facts:

Analysis

Questions

  • What impact do you think the non-participation in identifying and implementing state and local mitigation measures had on the success of these measures in slowing the pandemic?
  • Should the state government and the Governor of any state preempt local mitigation measures? How has this type of preemption activity worked?
  • What role have state and local emergency managers played in implementing lockdown and social distancing measures? Did they partner with local health officials?
  • Should the Federal Government have played a bigger role in designing, implementing and enforcing social distancing and lockdown actions?
  • How critical is the role that state and local elected officials play in designing and implementing social distance measures?

Exercises

  • Compare the social distancing measures undertaken in the US to similar actions taken in South Korea, Italy, New Zealand, Brazil, and Germany.
  • Track the advice from the CDC, HHS, and other public health organizations regarding the public wearing masks from the beginning of the pandemic in January 2020 to today.

COVID-19 PREPAREDNESS

Facts

Analysis

  • The Trump Administration failed to use the pandemic playbook developed by the Obama Administration.
  • The Trump Administration learned nothing from the pandemic exercise conducted during the presidential transition period.
  • The Strategic National Stockpile has limited amount of critical supplies that were distributed by the Trump Administration based on unidentified priorities.
  • FEMA was not put in charge of the Federal response early enough to serve as a coordinating body for helping identify critical materials needs among the states and prioritize the distribution of these materials where they were needed most.
  • The Federal Government provided no leadership in developing a national preparedness strategy and provide guidance to states and localities on how to prepare for the pandemic especially in those states that were not initially hit hard by the pandemic.
  • The country lost 2-3 months-time in becoming better prepared to deal with the pandemic that eventually struck all 56 states and territories.

Questions

  • Why did those areas of the country not first impacted by the pandemic spend time and resources to better prepare before the pandemic finally struck their communities?
  • Why did the Federal government use the national emergency management system and FEMA to guide and prioritize the acquisition of critical medical materials?
  • What role did FEMA and the CDC play during the period between March and June, 2020 to better prepare the entire country for the pandemic?

Exercises

  • Review the Obama pandemic playbook and discuss how well this response plan would have worked in the coronavirus pandemic based on what we know now.
  • Examine current efforts to refill the Strategic National Stockpile, to identify what materials are most critical to include in the stockpile, and how these materials can best be distributed in the future based on what has happened since the creation of the Strategic National Stockpile.

RESPONSE

Facts

Analysis

  • Still testing positive after day 10? How to decide when to end your COVID isolation (NPR, June 30, 2022)
  • The success of a Federal government response to a major disaster and public health crisis is determined in large part by the support and confidence placed in the responding agencies by the President.
  • FEMA was not officially designated in charge of the Federal response to COVID until March 18, 2020.
  • Even then it has appeared that neither HHS nor FEMA have driven the response efforts but rather the response has been led by the White House meaning in effect no one is in charge.
  • As of this writing on July 20, 2020, the Federal government response to the pandemic has been widely criticized and consider to be a failure by many.
  • The Federal response has failed to gain the necessary situational awareness of the progress of the pandemic and has failed to provide support to state and local authorities that have historically been the key to an effective response to disaster in the US in the past.
  • Without Federal government support and guidance, states and localities have been on their own in determining how to effectively address the pandemic and a patchwork of actions have taken place without any one knowing what the overall picture is.
  • All of the confusion and conflict that has occurred in the response to the pandemic is due in large part to the lack of leadership from the Federal government and the President.
  • It is clear that as of July 20, 2020, the pandemic has not been contained in the US.
  • COVID-19 lockdowns help to control transmission, but also carry their own financial, health, and safety risks including domestic violence which has risen dramatically since the beginning of the crisis.

Questions

  • Do you think the Federal government response to the pandemic has been a success or a failure/ Why?
  • What role do you think leadership has played in the success or failure of the government response to the pandemic?
  • What needs to be done in the coming months to ensure a successful response effort to contain the pandemic.
  • Have leaders in government, the private sector and the non-profit sector been up to the task of leading the response to the pandemic?
  • Is the pandemic too big of a crisis for the Nation’s public health and emergency management systems to successfully respond to? Why?

Exercises

  • Compare the response to Hurrican Sandy and Hurricane Katrina to the response to the pandemic?
  • Compare the US pandemic response to the response by Germany to the pandemic.
  • Document the response efforts of Governors to the virus – Ohio Gov. DeWine, California Gov. Newsom, Washington Gov. Inslee, New York Gov. Cuomo, Maryland Gov. Hogan, Florida Gov. DeSantis, Texas Gov. Abbott, Iowa Gov. Reynolds, Georgia Gov. Kemp, South Carolina Gov. McMaster.
  • Develop a Case Study of the COVID-19 response in New York City and Arizona.

RECOVERY

Facts

Analysis

  • As of July 20, 2020, in the United States the virus has not been contained – new cases are rising in 39 of the 50 states and averaging over 61,563 new cases per day from July 1-19, 2020.
  • Deaths from COVID-19 in the U.S. have averaged nearly 700 per day from July 1-19, 2020.
  • Governors in almost all 50 states have either paused or fell back on past restrictions in late June and early July 2020.
  • States hardest hit by increasing virus case during this period were Texas, California, Florida, and Arizona.
  • A consensus was reached that states had reopened too early and without taking the proper precautions and that the virus spread quickly in indoor spaces with a lot of people talking and shouting.
  • Numerous new cases were found among individual working in close quarters such as meat-packing plants, in bars and indoor restaurants, in churches, and even in family gathering, funerals, and weddings.
  • As of July 20, 2020, it is uncertain that the major professional sports leagues (NBA, NFL, MLB, NHL) will be able to complete their 2020 seasons.
  • College and high school football seasons may also be cancelled in 2020.
  • Governors in several states including Arizona, Texas, Florida, and Georgia continue to preempt local stay-at-home orders severely limiting local government efforts to contain the virus.
  • The failure of the states reopening mirrors the earlier failures by the Trump Administration and others to take the virus seriously – will the US repeat these mistakes by reopening the schools and day care centers before first containing the virus.
  • Bottom line lesson as of July 2020 – you cannot even begin the recovery process until you have contained the virus and flattened the curve in the same fashion as European Union (EU) countries have done successfully.

Questions

  • What have we learned about the virus and the efforts in the US to contain the virus during the period when all 50 states began to reopen?
  • What does the failure of the first round of state re-openings mean for charting a second attempt to reopen?
  • What needs to be done to contain the virus before a second round of states reopening can begin? What metrics need to be met before states to reopen again?
  • Did Governors ignore national and state health professionals in reopening and will they ignore the advice of these same professionals when they next attempt to reopen?

Exercises

  • Chart the reopening of the states, the resulting resurgence of virus-related cases and deaths, and the ensuing efforts by Governors and Mayors to pause or retrench the reopening process.
  • Chart the mistakes made from January 2020 to July 2020 that failed to contain the virus?

COMMUNICATIONS

Facts

Analysis

  • In a disaster, like the pandemic, the delivery of timely and accurate information from the Nation’s leaders to the public is all important.
  • Communications from the White House failed to meet the accepted standard for providing timely and accurate information during a crisis to the public.
  • Mixed messages and incorrect messages came from the White House that confused state and local officials and the public.
  • Trump’s refusal to wear a mask until July 11, 2020, contributed to many Americans refusal or hesitancy to wear a mask in public.
  • The President has consistently made promises that he did not keep, has lied about important factors concerning the impacts of the pandemic, drugs that could treat pandemic patients, and when a vaccine will be available, and continues to this date to downplay the impact the pandemic has had on the lives of Americans and the Nation’s economy. The crisis communication standard is always tell the truth.
  • Trump effectively politicized numerous issues surrounding the pandemic response and recovery including continually saying the virus would disappear based on his instincts and not science, pushing for states to re-open before they met standards developed by the CDC, and in the beginning of July 2020, pushing states and localities to re-open their schools with no regard for the safety of the students, teachers, and staff.
  • It is widely accepted that the driving force behind the President’s communications since the beginning of the pandemic is his concern about his reelection and that concern has informed nearly all of his communications during the pandemic.
  • Most, but not all, state governors have proven to be able crisis communicators by holding regular briefings, telling the truth about the virus, not making promises, and managing public expectations.
  • Misinformation from a variety of sources has also contributed to confusion among the public.

Questions

  • Why is it so important that our elected leaders tell the truth to the American people during the pandemic crisis?
  • Which other elected officials have successfully communicated with their constituencies during this crisis? What did their communications have in common?
  • What role has social media played in communicating pandemic information during this crisis?

Exercises

  • Examine the timelines and summaries of Trump’s pandemic communications and compare them to the polling conducted since January 2020 concerning the public’s confidence in Trump’s handling of the pandemic.
  • Review videos of New York Governor Cuomo’s daily briefings on the coronavirus and critique his ability to communicate to the public during this crisis.
  • Compare coverage by traditional media of the pandemic to coverage by conservative media outlets such as Fox News and the Federalist.
  • Examine COVID-related posts on social media sites such as Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube.
  • Compare traditional media coverage (newspapers, magazines, TV and radio) from mainstream media outlets (I.e. NYT, Washington Post, Fox News, Wall Street Journal, TV Networks, MSNBC, etc.) to coverage by conservative media outlets (See TheRighting for a list of conservative media outlets).

INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS:

Facts:

Analysis:

Questions:

  • Why did some world leaders listen to and follow the lead of their public health scientists while other world leaders did not?
  • What are the “lessons learned” from the experiences of South Korea and Germany in containing the virus and from Russian and Brazil for their inability to contain the virus?

Exercises:

  • Develop case studies for New Zealand, Iceland, and South Korea.
  • Develop case studies for Russia, Brazil, and England.
  • Compare Germany’s efforts since the pandemic began with the US experience in the same period.
  • Examine the process Sweden used to contain the virus.
  • Review World Health Organization (WHO) Situation Reports (Sit Reps) and report on the progress of the pandemic from January 2020 to the present.

FUTURE IMPLICATIONS

Facts

Analysis

Questions

  • Who in American society must play a role in planning for a future with the virus and climate change – elected officials, the Federal government, FEMA, HHS, non-profits, ordinary citizens, scientists, others?
  • What are the “lessons learned” from the experience with the virus and how can these lessons be appropriately applied.
  • Will the American people accept the challenge and the cost of dealing with climate change now that we have experienced the impacts of a pandemic?

Exercises

  • Compare the human and economic impacts of the pandemic and the attending costs for successfully containing the pandemic to the projected human and economic impacts from climate change and the attending costs for containing climate change.
  • Develop a model for how the US emergency management system should address future pandemics in coordination with the public health community determining such factors as who will be in charge and how the relationship between FEMA and state and local counterparts would function.

RESOURCES:

COVID-19 Data:

Pandemic Timelines:

  • 7/15/20 – A Timeline of the Coronavirus Pandemic – https://nyti.ms/3iUe8IM
  • 6/30/20 – Timeline of WHO’s response to COVID-19 Last updated 30 June 2020 – https://bit.ly/2Zt1GYW
  • 3/31/20 – From ‘It’s going to disappear’ to ‘WE WILL WIN THIS WAR’ – https://wapo.st/2N7ou9B
  • 5/19/20 – All the President’s Lies About the Coronavirus: An unfinished compendium of Trump’s overwhelming dishonesty during a national emergency – https://bit.ly/3gelB3t

Messaging:

  • 4/28/20 – How we can improve public health messaging about COVID-19 – Includes links to 4 research studies – https://bit.ly/31gReV

Briefings:

  • 2/26/20 – Transcript for the CDC Telebriefing Update on COVID-19 – Dr. Nancy Messonnier – https://bit.ly/2YYdfG3
  • 3/31/20 – Why America is scared and confused: Even the experts are getting it wrong – https://politi.co/37DOMtv

Communications Research:

  • April 2020 – The Relation between Media Consumption and Misinformation at the Outset of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in the US – https://bit.ly/2YKscg9
  • 4/11/20 – In The Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic The MSM Lies Continue – https://bit.ly/31m4ZCx
  • 5/8/20 – PEW Research Center – Americans’ Views of the News Media During the COVID-19 Outbreak – https://pewrsr.ch/3dFN0JO
  • 5/20/20 – PEW Research Center – Americans Who Rely Most on White House for COVID-19 News More Likely to Downplay the Pandemic – https://pewrsr.ch/3eKZr8o
  • May 2020 – THE PERSUASIVE EFFECT OF FOX NEWS: NON-COMPLIANCE WITH SOCIAL DISTANCING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC – https://bit.ly/3g7jeiA
  • 6/18/27 – The causes and consequences of COVID-19 misperceptions: Understanding the role of news and social media – https://bit.ly/2ZdfeGy
  • 6/25/20 – New research explores how conservative media misinformation may have intensified the severity of the pandemic – Video Embedded – https://wapo.st/2YG7spN
  • 6/29/20 – PEW Research Center Survey – Three Months In, Many Americans See Exaggeration, Conspiracy Theories and Partisanship in COVID-19 News – https://pewrsr.ch/3gaUJRK

Media

  • 3/22/20 – The Top 10 Lies About President Trump’s Response to the Coronavirus – https://bit.ly/2Bb0Syd
  • 3/18/20 – Pew Research Center Journalism & Media – 3. Within party, media diet makes a difference in thoughts and perceptions about COVID-19 – https://pewrsr.ch/37yLTKk
  • 3/18/20 – Pew Research Center Journalism & Media – Americans Immersed in COVID-19 News; Most Think Media Are Doing Fairly Well Covering It – https://pewrsr.ch/3hpaDtf
  • 4/11/20 – In The Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic The MSM Lies Continue – https://bit.ly/31m4ZCx
  • 6/10/20 – White House goes quiet on coronavirus as outbreak spikes again across the U.S. – https://yhoo.it/2Yt2Lyi
  • 6/29/20 – This Is Trump’s Plague Now – Includes Good Timeline for Conservative Media – https://bit.ly/2ZzxB91
  • 6/13/20 – Maryland Governor Larry Hogan Virus Press Releases –https://bit.ly/2Axy1Eb

President Trump and COVID-19 Communication

Misinformation

  • 2/29/20 – The Coronavirus and How Political Spin Has Worsened Epidemics – https://bit.ly/2XBHz9T
  • 3/24/20 – Coronavirus Roundup: FEMA Launches a ‘Rumor Control’ Website, Defense Prepares for Telework ‘As Long As Necessary’ – https://bit.ly/37xRtN6
  • 3/20/20 – Crowdsourcing truth and how journalists can avoid spreading coronavirus misinformation: Q and A with MIT professor David Rand – https://bit.ly/2AJHGYh
  • June 2020 – Misinformation During a Pandemic – https://bit.ly/2VeJtf7
  • March 2018 – DHS – Countering False Information on Social Media in Disasters and Emergencies – https://bit.ly/2zZVDB2
  • 7/15/20 – Report: House Committee on Energy and Commerce Disinformation Online and a Country in Crisis – https://bit.ly/30fY23O
  • 7/18/20 – Media Matters Report: Fox News pushed coronavirus misinformation 253 times in just five days – https://bit.ly/2OEE7WW

Local Officials

  • 3/28/20 – Coronavirus Communication: Make Your Messages Hit Home – Embedded Audio – National League of Cities – https://bit.ly/2Az6HFP
  • 6/30/20 – Keeping Residents Informed & Connected During COVID-19: Sarasota Fl Story – https://bit.ly/38k80ES

International

Communications-Related Videos

COVID-19 and Terrorism:

  • COVID AND TERRORISTS5/14/20 – COVID-19 and Terrorism: Assessing the Short and Long-Term Impacts – https://bit.ly/2CBGhDJ
  • 5/25/20 – Terrorists could use coronavirus as example for future biological attack – https://bit.ly/2COTgCj
  • 5/26/20 – How the Coronavirus Increases Terrorism Threats in the Developing World – https://bit.ly/2YFbdvn
  • 5/25/20 – Viruses and Violence: How COVID-19 Has Impacted Extremism – https://bit.ly/2BgPfGi
  • 6/24/20 – CTED publishes paper about COVID-19 and counter-terrorism – https://bit.ly/2ZG5Dta – June 2020 – The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on terrorism, counter-terrorism, and countering violent extremism – United Nations Security Council: Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTED), Executive Directorate – https://bit.ly/2CNY1Ms
  • 7/6/20 – COVID-19: How hateful extremists are exploiting the pandemic – https://bit.ly/2Cn5FNF – Report: https://bit.ly/2ZjcVDb
  • 7/9/20 – Countering terrorism during the COVID-19 pandemic – https://bit.ly/2WzCU7z
  • 7/17/20 – U.S. Efforts to Deal Islamic State “Enduring Defeat” on Hold – https://bit.ly/32yXZCY

History:

  • July/August 2018 – The Next Plague Is Coming. Is America Ready? The epidemics of the early 21st century revealed a world unprepared, even as the risks continue to multiply. Much worse is coming. – https://bit.ly/3e8c8JG 
  • 1/30/20 – WHO previously designated five other outbreaks a ‘public health emergency’ – https://wapo.st/3c9YVPl
  • WASHINGTON — This is the sixth outbreak that the WHO has voted to assign the designation of public health emergency, defined by the group as “an extraordinary event which is determined to constitute a public health risk to other States through the international spread of disease and to potentially require a coordinated international response.”   
  • The five other cases have been: The 2009 swine flu epidemic that spread throughout the United States and Mexico.
  • The 2014 polio infection, spurred by an “international spread of wild poliovirus” that hit countries including conflict-ridden Pakistan, Cameroon and Syria.
  • The 2014 Ebola epidemic in West Africa, which the WHO said “was the largest and most complex Ebola outbreak since the virus was first discovered in 1976.”
  • The 2016 Zika virus, which was spread by mosquitoes throughout the Americas and Africa and was particularly dangerous for pregnant women.  
  • The 2018 Ebola epidemic in North Kivu and Ituri provinces of the Congo, which was the world’s second-largest Ebola outbreak. The WHO controversially waited until 2019 to declare it a public health emergency.
  • 7/15/20 – Your Ancestors Knew Death in Ways You Never Will – https://nyti.ms/2DMyqE4
  • 5/11/20 – CDC History – 1918 Pandemic Influenza: Three Waves – https://bit.ly/2N473qq
  • 3/27/20 – How some cities ‘flattened the curve’ during the 1918 flu pandemic – https://on.natgeo.com/2Cfhc1p
  • 4/13/20 – Smithsonian Magazine – WHAT WE CAN LEARN FROM 1918 INFLUENZA DIARIES – https://bit.ly/2YSCYj2
  • 4/25/20 – San Francisco had the 1918 flu under control. And then it lifted the restrictions. – https://nbcnews.to/3dwiOR5
  • 4/1/20 – How Epidemics of the Past Changed the Way Americans Lived – https://bit.ly/2BdgcKB
  • 4/8/20 – Can a pandemic remake society? A historian explains. – https://bit.ly/37LfTD3
  • 3/30/20 – Pandemics and the Shape of Human History – https://bit.ly/2N6erSb

Leadership:

  • 4/15/20 – Why do Politicians Ignore Disaster Predictions – https://bit.ly/2Z0ejZS
  • 5/2/20 – NPR – White House Official: Trump Received Coronavirus Briefings In January – Audio embedded – https://n.pr/37E7ocR
  • 5/4/20 – He Could Have Seen What Was Coming: Behind Trump’s Failure on the Virus – https://nyti.ms/38eAjV1
  • 3/20/20 – In a national emergency, presidential competence is crucial – https://brook.gs/2Y10Kdo
  • 5/15/20 – A Study in Leadership: A short film – https://bit.ly/2ZncYwx
  • 5/15/20 – Why Are Women-Led Nations Doing Better With Covid-19? – https://nyti.ms/3huNc1K
  • 7/6/20 – Trump’s leadership is tested in time of fear, pandemic – https://bit.ly/2ZLAWSt

General

  • General Information on COVID-19 Virus5/20/20 – The Risks – Know Them – Avoid Them – https://bit.ly/2YGu5uh
  • 6/2/20 – The WIRED Coronavirus Glossary – https://bit.ly/38blceY
  • 7/1/20 – Top 10 Things You Need to Know about the Coronavirus (COVID-19): July 2020 – https://bit.ly/2DkRAkc
  • 7/14/20 – Associated Press: Viral Questions – https://bit.ly/2Cdrcs8
  • Testing7/18/20 – The Lancet: Impact of delays on effectiveness of contact tracing strategies for COVID-19: a modelling study – https://bit.ly/2CMRd1D
  • Risk Metrics7/1/20 – Green, Yellow, Orange Or Red? This New Tool Shows COVID-19 Risk In Your County – https://n.pr/2YTrOvT
  • Transmission6/20/20 – Report: Effects of meteorological conditions and air pollution on COVID-19 transmission: Evidence from 219 Chinese cities – https://bit.ly/2ZiYTQE
  • 7/9/20 – Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: implications for infection prevention precautions – https://bit.ly/3eJr5C4
  • 7/18/20 – Older Children Spread the Coronavirus Just as Much as Adults, Large Study Finds – https://nyti.ms/3hdmn0X – Report: Contact Tracing during Coronavirus Disease Outbreak, South Korea, 2020 – https://bit.ly/2WxQIzy
  • Super Spreaders4/7/20 – Indoor transmission of SARS-CoV-2 – https://bit.ly/3ghZMQb
  • 4/16/20 – Report: Closed environments facilitate secondary transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 – https://bit.ly/2CWXx6I
  • 6/12/20 – CNN: Is there really such a thing as a ‘super spreader’? – Video Embedded – https://cnn.it/2AdNAAI
  • 6/18/20 – Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections – https://go.nature.com/31xSeVG
  • 6/22/20 – Report: Characterizing super-spreading events and age-specific infectivity of COVID-19 transmission in Georgia, USA – https://bit.ly/2COI60a
  • 6/28/20 – A new dilemma for Trump’s team: Preventing super-spreader churches – https://politi.co/2BLUFJm
  • PlanningCDC COVID-19 Pandemic Planning Scenarios – https://bit.ly/3i5v7aB
  • Vulnerable Populations4/8/20 – Stay-At-Home Orders Can Be Dangerous for Victims of Domestic Violence. But Help Is Still Available. – https://bit.ly/312t4On
  • 4/23/20 – The Other COVID Risks: How Race, Income, ZIP Code Influence Who Lives Or Dies – https://bit.ly/2Ysw8lg
  • 6/19/20 – Podcast – Race and gender gaps in COVID-19 deaths – https://brook.gs/2VdCza4
  • 6/19/20 – NPR Audio – Younger Adults Are Increasingly Testing Positive For The Coronavirus – https://n.pr/2CxHvjn
  • 6/27/20 – Many Latinos Couldn’t Stay Home. Now Virus Cases Are Soaring in Their Communities. – https://nyti.ms/3g7O0I6
  • 7/5/20 – The Fullest Look Yet at the Racial Inequity of Coronavirus – https://nyti.ms/2Z7ogGn
  • 7/7/20 – CDC: Update: COVID-19 Among Workers in Meat and Poultry Processing Facilities ― United States, April–May 2020 – https://bit.ly/2BQE4Em
  • Children/Young People6/26/20 – Young Americans less likely to social distance as coronavirus cases continue to rise, survey says – https://bit.ly/3eCX07O
  • 7/7/20 – Younger people are driving new cases of COVID-19, putting the elderly at risk – https://bit.ly/2O7xJa7
  • Nursing Homes6/27/20 – 43% of U.S. Coronavirus Deaths Are Linked to Nursing Homes – https://nyti.ms/2VGj8XJ
  • Tracking the Spread6/11/20 – Report: Identifying airborne transmission as the dominant route for the spread of COVID-19 –https://bit.ly/2NCCmsE
  • 6/27/20 – How the World Missed COVID-19’s Silent Spread – https://nyti.ms/2VsssOB
  • Deaths6/27/20 – Actual Coronavirus Infections Vastly Undercounted, C.D.C. Data Shows – https://nyti.ms/31lsvj3 – CDC Survey Results – Commercial Laboratory Seroprevalence Survey Data – https://bit.ly/2BIWruO
  • 7/10/20 – Estimating the early death toll of COVID-19 in the United States – https://bit.ly/2OuhUKV
  • Public Health/Medical Workers6/24/20 – SARS‐CoV‐2 environmental contamination associated with persistently infected COVID‐19 patients – https://bit.ly/31kmwLm
  • 7/1/20 — Hollowed out public health system faces more cuts amid virus – https://bit.ly/2BvyirD
  • Vulnerable Populations4/8/20 – Stay-At-Home Orders Can Be Dangerous for Victims of Domestic Violence. But Help Is Still Available. – https://bit.ly/312t4On
  • 4/23/20 – The Other COVID Risks: How Race, Income, ZIP Code Influence Who Lives Or Dies – https://bit.ly/2Ysw8lg
  • 6/19/20 – Podcast – Race and gender gaps in COVID-19 deaths – https://brook.gs/2VdCza4
  • 6/19/20 – NPR Audio – Younger Adults Are Increasingly Testing Positive For The Coronavirus – https://n.pr/2CxHvjn
  • 6/27/20 – Many Latinos Couldn’t Stay Home. Now Virus Cases Are Soaring in Their Communities. – https://nyti.ms/3g7O0I6
  • 7/5/20 – The Fullest Look Yet at the Racial Inequity of Coronavirus – https://nyti.ms/2Z7ogGn
  • 7/7/20 – CDC: Update: COVID-19 Among Workers in Meat and Poultry Processing Facilities ― United States, April–May 2020 – https://bit.ly/2BQE4Em
  • Children/Young People6/26/20 – Young Americans less likely to social distance as coronavirus cases continue to rise, survey says – https://bit.ly/3eCX07O
  • 7/7/20 – Younger people are driving new cases of COVID-19, putting the elderly at risk – https://bit.ly/2O7xJa7
  • Nursing Homes6/27/20 – 43% of U.S. Coronavirus Deaths Are Linked to Nursing Homes – https://nyti.ms/2VGj8XJ
  • Tracking the Spread6/11/20 – Report: Identifying airborne transmission as the dominant route for the spread of COVID-19 –https://bit.ly/2NCCmsE
  • 6/27/20 – How the World Missed COVID-19’s Silent Spread – https://nyti.ms/2VsssOB
  • Deaths6/27/20 – Actual Coronavirus Infections Vastly Undercounted, C.D.C. Data Shows – https://nyti.ms/31lsvj3 – CDC Survey Results – Commercial Laboratory Seroprevalence Survey Data – https://bit.ly/2BIWruO
  • 7/10/20 – Estimating the early death toll of COVID-19 in the United States – https://bit.ly/2OuhUKV
  • Public Health/Medical Workers6/24/20 – SARS‐CoV‐2 environmental contamination associated with persistently infected COVID‐19 patients – https://bit.ly/31kmwLm
  • 7/1/20 — Hollowed out public health system faces more cuts amid virus – https://bit.ly/2BvyirD
  • Federal Govt Impact2/20/20 – Survey: Most Feds Say the Coronavirus Pandemic Has Had a ‘Major’ or ‘Extreme’ Impact on Agency Operations – https://bit.ly/37Vou62  – Full survey results – https://bit.ly/2YwH3L0
  • Local Govt Impacts3/17/20 – Coronavirus Threatens to Blow Big Holes in State Budgets – https://bit.ly/3hBFYci
  • 6/24/20 – National League of Cities Survey – Our national economic recovery is at risk. – One-Pager – https://bit.ly/2Z6Atda  Infographic – https://bit.ly/3i0F1Kw
  • Case Study – 4/9/20 – Community Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at Two Family Gatherings — Chicago, Illinois, February–March 2020 – https://bit.ly/3hOz9nx
  • The Righting – https://bit.ly/30cYXna

Mitigation Resources

  • Research Reports
    • 6/10/20 – A modelling framework to assess the likely effectiveness of facemasks in combination with ‘lock-down’ in managing the COVID-19 pandemic – https://bit.ly/2UwwKDY
    • 3/6/20 – Evolving Epidemiology and Impact of Non-pharmaceutical Interventions on the Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China – https://bit.ly/2YQttRB
  • Cases
    • 5/14/20 – Hidden Outbreaks Spread Through U.S. Cities Far Earlier Than Americans Knew, Estimates Say – https://nyti.ms/31jQZcB
  • Plans
    • 4/3/20 – A National and State PlanTo End the Coronavirus Crisis – Center for American Progress – https://ampr.gs/2AGl23j
  • Vulnerable Populations
  • Shutdowns
    • 4/20/20 – See Which States and Cities Have Told Residents to Stay at Home – https://nyti.ms/30Mfuyv
    • 4/9/20 – Coronavirus in the US: How all 50 states are responding – and why eight still refuse to issue stay-at-home orders – https://bit.ly/2N3ykcF
  • White House Guidance
  • Social distancing
    • The Dos and Don’ts of ‘Social Distancing’ Experts weigh in on whether you should cancel your dates, dinner parties, and gym sessions. – https://bit.ly/2WREnXm
    • 3/24/20 – Americans Step Up Their Social Distancing Even Further – https://bit.ly/3e6PcuZ
    • July 2020 – Strong Social Distancing Measures In The United States Reduced The COVID-19 Growth Rate – https://bit.ly/2C5ka8z
    • 3/24/20 – Smart phone data reveal which Americans are social distancing (and not) – https://wapo.st/37APtno
    • 5/14/20 – Strong Social Distancing Measures In The United States Reduced The COVID-19 Growth Rate – https://bit.ly/3exLHOh
    • 6/8/20 – Shutdowns prevented 60 million coronavirus infections in the U.S., study finds – https://wapo.st/3idZD22
    • July 2020 – BLACK LIVES MATTER PROTESTS, SOCIAL DISTANCING, AND COVID-19 –https://bit.ly/3eGjmEN
  • Wash hands
  • Masks
    • 6/12/20 – Face Masks ‘Significantly Reduce’ Spread of Covid-19, Study Finds – https://bit.ly/2Y2CTdf
    • 4/16/20 – VIDEO: Cuomo Announces Executive Order on Face Coverings in Public – https://nyti.ms/3hRq0uE
    • 6/17/20 – IHME Analysis: Wearing a mask reduces transmission of COVID-19 by 50% – Video Embedded – https://bit.ly/2BlFM0q
    • 6/27/20 -The politics of masks: How face coverings became so divisive in NC and beyond – https://bit.ly/2VCY6ZU
    • 6/30/20 – These are the states requiring people to wear masks when out in public – https://cnn.it/38iNS5O
    • 7/14/20 – Which countries have made wearing face masks compulsory? – https://bit.ly/3h6wsNk
    • 7/17/20 – JAMA Report: Association Between Universal Masking in a Health Care System and SARS-CoV-2 Positivity Among Health Care Workers – https://bit.ly/32AiDm2
    • 7/17/20 – CDC Report: Absence of Apparent Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from Two Stylists After Exposure at a Hair Salon with a Universal Face Covering Policy — Springfield, Missouri, May 2020 – https://bit.ly/3eB6eAM
    • 7/17/20 – A Detailed Map of Who Is Wearing Masks in the U.S. – https://nyti.ms/2CgnpKV
  • State and Local shelter in place/stay home
  • Vaccine

Preparedness Resources

  • General
    • 2/11/20 – Preparing for pandemics such as coronavirus — will we ever break the vicious cycle of panic and neglect? – https://brook.gs/2Ui97z5
    • 2/17/20 – Strengthening the U.S. System of Care for Infectious Diseases – https://bit.ly/30e7qq5
    • 3/14/20 – Trump Disbanded NSC Pandemic Unit That Experts Had Praised – https://bit.ly/2N2rVyt
    • 4/11/20 – Inside America’s 2-Decade Failure to Prepare for Coronavirus – Historical Timeline – https://politi.co/2Bo6TYu
    • 7/17/20 – Doctors have gotten better at treating coronavirus patients – https://bit.ly/3hf0EWi
  • Testing
    • 5/24/20 – HHS REPORT TO CONGRESS – COVID-19 Strategic Testing Plan – https://bit.ly/2XtUj1e
    • 6/18/20 – As States Reopen, Do They Have The Workforce They Need To Stop Coronavirus Outbreaks? NPR – Audio embedded and Map – https://n.pr/2CbrIGL
  • Science
  • Personal Prep
  • Defense Production Act
    • 3/18/20 – The Defense Production Act (DPA) and COVID-19: Key Authorities and Policy Considerations – Congressional Research Service – https://bit.ly/3fuSrfX
  • Second Wave
    • 6/24/20 – US Officials Detail Preparations for This Autumn’s ‘Inevitable’ Coronavirus Surge – https://bit.ly/3dNVaA0
  • Planning
    • 3/24/20 – Coronavirus: Could the World Have Prepared Better for a Pandemic? – https://bit.ly/2MYzvd5
    • Strategic Reframing: The Oxford Scenario Planning Approach – Oxford Scholarship Online – https://bit.ly/30KJf31
  • Exercises
  • National Strategic Stockpile – Medical Supplies
    • 3/27/20 – Shortages of COVID-19 Emergency Equipment in U.S. Cities: A Survey of the Nation’s Mayors – https://bit.ly/2YFkCC1
    • 4/1/20 – Protective gear in national stockpile is nearly depleted, DHS officials say – https://wapo.st/3edvVbg
    • 5/20/20 – Management of the Strategic National Stockpile, A Path Forward – https://bit.ly/3eBhMok
    • 7/14/20 – Federal stockpile is thin amid coronavirus surge, internal documents show – https://nbcnews.to/2B2xPx2
  • Federal Govt Prep Programs
    • 2/4/20 – The Trump Administration Has Made the U.S. Less Ready for Infectious Disease Outbreaks Like Coronavirus – https://bit.ly/2MrFTJy
    • 2/4/20 – U.S. Readies for Coronavirus Pandemic Some Experts Now See as Likely – https://bit.ly/2MmXgLL
  • HHS and Health Community
    • June 2020 – HHS Report: PUBLIC HEALTH PREPAREDNESS: HHS Should Take Actions to Ensure It Has an Adequate Number of Effectively Trained Emergency Responders – https://bit.ly/3hXBM6E
    • 6/18/20 – HHS PUBLIC HEALTH PREPAREDNESS – Podcast embedded – https://bit.ly/2Z7bXsc
    • June 2020 – GAO Report – PUBLIC HEALTH PREPAREDNESS – HHS Should Take Actions to Ensure It Has an Adequate Number of Effectively Trained Emergency Responders – https://bit.ly/3hXBM6E
  • Emergency Management
    • 3/6/20 – GETTING READY FOR THE NEXT PANDEMIC COVID-19: WH WE NEED TO BE MORE PREPARED AND LESS SCARED – https://bit.ly/2AjLDCW
  • Reports
    • March 2020 – Shortages of COVID-19 Emergency Equipment in U.S. Cities: A Survey of the Nation’s Mayors – The United States Conference of Mayors – https://bit.ly/2BbDaSl
  • Videos
  • Audio
    • 2/25/20 – Health Officials Warn Americans To Plan ForThe Spread Of Coronavirus In U.S. – https://n.pr/2XCbfDK
    • 2/28/20 – 5 Ways To Prevent And Prepare ForThe Coronavirus – https://n.pr/2UfQuM6

Response Resources

  • Analysis
    • 7/1/20 – Report: The Benefits of Coronavirus Suppression: A Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Response to the First Wave of COVID-19 – https://bit.ly/2NOjdnH
    • July 2020 – Report: Uncertainty and Decision-Making During a Crisis: How to Make Policy Decisions in the COVID-19Context? – https://bit.ly/38YCNHu
  • Situational Awareness
    • 1/9/20 – Report: Infectious disease pandemic planning and response: Incorporating decision analysis – https://bit.ly/3gZy8rI
  • Leadership
    • June 2020 – The Emerging Pandemic of Coronavirus and the Urgent Need for Public Health Leadership – The American Journal of Medicine – https://bit.ly/3hzsTjC
    • 3/26/20 – Governors leading the response – https://bit.ly/30NzfG7
    • 4/16/20 – Most Americans Say Trump Was Too Slow in Initial Response to Coronavirus Threat – Pew Research Center U.S. Public Politics and Policy – https://pewrsr.ch/37UnGi4
    • 4/19/20 – New Zealand’s Prime Minister May Be the Most Effective Leader on the Planet – https://bit.ly/3169r8l
  • Federal Govt Response
    • 3/6/20 – ‘Doomed from the Start.’ Experts Say the Trump Administration’s Coronavirus Response Was Never Going to Work – https://bit.ly/3dMIJ88
  • Role of EM
  • Perspectives
  • Response Plans
    • No Date – Playbook for Early Response to High Consequence Emerging Infectious Disease Threats and Biological Incidents – https://bit.ly/2YUZNTk
  • Local Response
    • 3/27/20 – How some cities ‘flattened the curve’ during the 1918 flu pandemic – Links embedded to several reports and studies – https://on.natgeo.com/2ALbNyv
    • 4/15/20 – FEMA Administrator April 15, 2020, letter to Emergency Managers – https://bit.ly/318K5Xs
  • Child Care
  • First Responders
  • Governor’s Role
  • Role of local officials
    • 3/5/20 – National League of Cities – Managing Through the Coronavirus: What Local Leaders Need to Know – https://bit.ly/2XN1env
    • 3/20/20 – NACO – Local Officials Are the Key to Implementing Our National Response to the Coronavirus – https://bit.ly/30KNATR
  • Federal Govt
    • 3/13/20 – HHS PanCAP Adapted U. S. Government COVID – 19 Response Plan – https://bit.ly/2zy1Cgk
    • 2016 – National Security Council – Playbook for Early Response to High-Consequence Emerging Infectious Disease Threats and Biological Incidents – https://bit.ly/2N1hvie
  • FEMA role
    • 3/13/20 – Proclamation on Declaring a National Emergency Concerning the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak – https://bit.ly/30yynVR
    • 3/24/20 – Coronavirus could be FEMA’s biggest disaster ever, and it threatens to swamp the agency – https://wapo.st/3d91LnX
    • 4/12/20 – All 50 states under disaster declaration for first time in US history – https://bit.ly/3dsb1DU
    • 7/14/20 – GAO Report: COVID 19 FEMA’s Role in the Response and Related Challenges – https://bit.ly/30dglGS
  • CDC
    • 2/3/20 – The CDC Waited its “Entire Existence for this Moment” What went wrong? – https://nyti.ms/305K8ms
  • Testing
    • 3/30/20 – What went wrong with coronavirus testing in the U.S. – Video embedded – https://wapo.st/30QwtzL
    • 4/1/20 – The Lost Month: How a failure to Test Blinded the US to COVID-19 – https://nyti.ms/2UTRZ30
    • 4/8/20 – In the absence of a national testing strategy, states go their own way – https://wapo.st/2XPsMIG
    • 4/10/20 – Report: A National Plan to Enable Comprehensive COVID-19 Case Finding and Contact Tracing in the US – Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security and the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials – https://bit.ly/3dp8kmt
    • 6/7/20 – Next testing debacle: The fall virus surge – https://politi.co/2CndpiD
    • 7/4/20 – Lessons unlearned: Four years before the CDC fumbled coronavirus testing, the agency made some of the same mistakes with Zika – https://wapo.st/3gvCVAS
  • Websites
  • Education

Recovery Resources

  • Reopening
    • 3/28/20 – National Coronavirus Response: A ROAD MAP TO REOPENING – American Enterprise Institute – https://bit.ly/3fFsvy9
    • 4/3/20 – A National and State Plan To End the Coronavirus Crisis – Center for American Progress – https://ampr.gs/3fKyrGo
    • 4/3/20 – How to Control Hawaii’s Coronavirus Epidemic and Bring Back the Economy: The Next Steps – https://bit.ly/3fJwPMR
    • 4/7/20 – Duke University – A NATIONAL COVID-19 SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM: ACHIEVING CONTAINMENT – https://bit.ly/3fCk2Mi
    • 4/10/20 – With No U.S. Plan to Return to Normal, Some States Are Creating Their Own – https://bit.ly/37SfMpo
    • 4/17-4/26/20 – Survey: THE STATE OF THE NATION: A 50-STATE COVID-19 SURVEY USA, April 2020 – https://bit.ly/2VewdHp
    • 4/20/20 – COVID-19 Response Pandemic Resilience Roadmap – The Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics at Harvard University – https://bit.ly/37KunmG
    • 4/20/20 – Here’s when all 50 states plan to reopen after coronavirus restrictions – https://bit.ly/31b6vHz
    • 4/28/20 – New Model Shows How Deadly Lifting Georgia’s Lockdown May Be – https://bit.ly/3g4roIN
    • 4/30/20 – Health experts give Abbott’s plan to reopen Texas mixed reviews, warn state should revive stay-at-home order if surge emerges – https://bit.ly/2Vj4xkI
    • May 2020 – CDC Guidelines – CDC Activities and Initiatives Supporting the COVID-19 Response and the President’s Plan for Opening America Up Again – https://bit.ly/3eDm5Q9
    • 5/12/20 – PANDEMIC RESILIENCE: GETTING IT DONE: A Supplement to the Roadmap to Pandemic Resilience – EDMOND J. SAFRA CENTER FOR ETHICS AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY – https://bit.ly/3116BkR
    • 5/12/20 – 4 reasons state plans to open up may backfire — and soon – https://bit.ly/2XW5KjB
    • 6/12/20 – COVID-19 spikes, but most governors signal they’re staying the course – https://bit.ly/2MOOPcq
    • 6/13/20 – Majority of Americans still concerned over coronavirus as country continues to reopen, survey shows – https://bit.ly/3i7ZOfy
    • 6/24/20 – Companies Agonize Over Reopening Timetables as Covid-19 Spreads – https://on.wsj.com/3ilrXzQ
    • 6/24/20 – Coronavirus cases rise in states with relaxed face mask policies – https://bit.ly/2VuWKQD
    • 6/25/20 – See How All 50 States Are Reopening – https://nyti.ms/2A8lC9C
    • 7/8/20 – Churches Were Eager to Reopen. Now They Are a Major Source of Coronavirus Cases.- https://nyti.ms/2ZU3SaZ
    • 7/17/20 – EXCLUSIVE: WHITE HOUSE DOCUMENT SHOWS 18 STATES IN CORONAVIRUS “RED ZONE” – https://bit.ly/2ZGxCJm
  • Reopening – guidelines
  • Testing
    • 4/20/20 – ROADMAP TO PANDEMIC RESILIENCE: Massive Scale Testing, Tracing, and Supported Isolation (TTSI) as the Path to Pandemic Resilience for a Free Society – https://bit.ly/2CHQlLL
    • 4/27/20 – Testing Blueprint: Reopening of America Again – https://bit.ly/2BEt78q
    • 7/18/20 – The Lancet: Impact of delays on effectiveness of contact tracing strategies for COVID-19: a modelling study – https://bit.ly/2CMRd1D<
  • Resurgence of Virus
    • 6/4/20 – Texas, Arizona, Oregon Report Significant Coronavirus Spikes After Reopening Economy – https://bit.ly/2ZeTpX6
    • 6/18/20 – Florida, Texas and Arizona are among the 22 states reporting a rise in coronavirus cases; Oklahoma is on the list – https://bit.ly/3gbUjus
    • 6/24/20 – With COVID-19 Cases Rising, Some States Slow Their Reopening Plans – https://n.pr/3fUukYj
    • 6/24/20 – Coronavirus deaths lag behind surging infections but may catch up soon – https://wapo.st/3dElfkJ
    • 6/25/20 – Texas pauses reopening plan and elective surgeries as coronavirus cases and hospitalizations rise – https://cnb.cx/2BARkg2
    • 6/25/20 – The coronavirus surge is real, and it’s everywhere – https://bit.ly/3dEQDiX
    • 6/25/20 – Tracking The Pandemic: Are Coronavirus Cases Rising Or Falling In Your State? – https://n.pr/2YuT97k
    • 6/26/20 – Reopening reverses course in Texas and Florida as coronavirus cases spike – https://wapo.st/2YFlk3x
    • 6/27/20 – 12 states are pausing reopening over the surge in US coronavirus cases – https://cnn.it/2BQ5E4f
    • 6/29/20 – Some US states return to previous restrictions to slow surge of coronavirus cases – https://cnn.it/2ZjNHn1
    • 7/1/20 – America’s told-you-so moment: How we botched the reopening – https://politi.co/2VF42Si
    • 7/1/20 – American Enterprise Institute Report: The AEI Housing Center’s Nowcast: Reopening of 40 Metro Area Economies – https://bit.ly/3eTjBgL
    • 7/7/20 – States mandate masks, begin to shut down again as coronavirus cases soar and hospitalizations rise – https://wapo.st/2ZJJn0t
    • 7/16/20 – Florida now has more Covid-19 cases than any other state. Here’s what went wrong. – https://bit.ly/39bpLXp
  • Reopening in Reverse
  • Impact on Local Govt
    • May 2020 – NACo Report: MEASURING COVID-19’S IMPACT ON AMERICA’S COUNTY WORKFORCE – https://bit.ly/3fUCNKQ
  • Tracing/Projections/Data
  • School/College Reopening
    • 6/24/20 – SCHOOL REOPENING GUIDELINES & RESOURCES – Louisiana Dept of Education – https://bit.ly/2Z8L4El
    • 6/25/20 – COVID-19 Planning Considerations: Guidance for School Re-entry – https://bit.ly/3eLM8Vq
    • 7/6/20 – Reopening the World: Reopening schools—Insights from Denmark and Finland – https://brook.gs/3fjFbuO
    • 7/8/20 – Johns Hopkins COVID Tracking Project – Johns Hopkins University eSchool+ Initiative: Analysis of School Reopening Plans – https://bit.ly/2Cm7qdG
    • 7/9/20 – CDC Guidelines: Considerations for Schools – https://bit.ly/3iLzPuI
    • 7/10/20 – Pediatricians, Educators and Superintendents Urge a Safe Return to School This Fall – https://bit.ly/2W64fhr
    • 7/10/20 – CDC Graphic Guidelines – SCHOOLS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC – https://bit.ly/31mxhN1
    • 7/13/20 – How Schools Can Reopen Safely: Recommendations From Health Experts – https://on.wsj.com/2ZEu6Py
    • 7/17/20 – 3 Principles for Reopening Schools Safely During the COVID-19 Pandemic – https://ampr.gs/2CgD1y4
  • Perspectives
  • Economic Recovery
  • State Recovery Plan
  • Spread
    • 6/25/20 – CDC: Coronavirus may have infected 10 times more Americans than known – https://bit.ly/2CR0llD
  • Mental Health
    • 4/6/20 – Denying the reality of the coronavirus has made it more dangerous for everyone – https://nbcnews.to/30XQSTD
    • 4/28/20 – Memorandum on Authorizing the Crisis Counseling Assistance and Training Program for Major Disaster Declarations Related to Coronavirus Disease 2019 – https://bit.ly/3dG7pyw
  • Non-Profits/Volunteers
  • FEMA role – PA
    • 3/19/20 – FEMA Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Eligible Emergency Protective Measures – https://bit.ly/3flCyIy
    • 3/25/20 – Coronavirus: FEMA Simplifying the Public Assistance Process to Expedite Payment – https://bit.ly/2Y7TEE5
    • 4/23/20 – FEMA Data Visualization: Public Assistance Program Summary of Obligations – https://bit.ly/3hSSwMx
  • Domestic Abuse
    • 6/11/20 – When “Stay-at-Home” is Not an Option: Domestic Violence in the Time of COVID-19 – https://bit.ly/3imyU3I
  • County Officials

Future Virus

Future Emergency Management

Cities

Climate Change

  • 3/24/20 – COVID-19 and Climate Change: The Unexpected Pairing – https://bit.ly/3djQq4P
  • 3/24/20 – Here’s what a coronavirus-like response to the climate crisis would look like – https://lat.ms/2AAea7w
  • 3/25/20 – The Analogy Between Covid-19 and Climate Change Is Eerily Precise – https://bit.ly/30OMuGo
  • 4/10/20 – Podcast – What coronavirus teaches us about addressing climate change – https://brook.gs/37NebB3
  • 4/16/20 – Coronavirus Shows We Are Not at All Prepared for the Security threat of climate change – https://bit.ly/3fOqi3I

Stockpile